{"id":578,"date":"2023-05-02T18:54:48","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T18:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.viasathistory.cz\/?p=578"},"modified":"2023-05-02T18:56:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T18:56:16","slug":"cingischanovo-mongolsko-8-faktu-co-jste-o-velkem-vudci-mozna-nevedeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.viasathistory.cz\/?p=578","title":{"rendered":"\u010cingisch\u00e1novo Mongolsko. 8 fakt\u016f, co jste o velk\u00e9m v\u016fdci mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u011bd\u011bli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Tajn\u00e1 kronika Mongol\u016f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010cingisch\u00e1na byl poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1n ve 13. stolet\u00ed v takzvan\u00e9 Tajn\u00e9 kronice Mongol\u016f. Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd autor nebo auto\u0159i mongolsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu v textu mapuj\u00ed historii n\u00e1roda, nikoliv v\u0161ak pro ve\u0159ejnost, ale pouze pro pot\u0159eby vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edho \u010cingisch\u00e1nova rodu. Text byl po dlouhou dobu ulo\u017een v tajn\u00e9 schr\u00e1nce a mohl do n\u011bj nahl\u00ed\u017eet pouze panovn\u00edk, \u010di osoby, kter\u00fdm \u010dten\u00ed on s\u00e1m dovolil. Odtud plyne i n\u00e1zev knihy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u00dasvit \u010cingisch\u00e1na<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolem roku 1100 je\u0161t\u011b Mongolsko jako takov\u00e9 neexistovalo. Na rozlehl\u00fdch pastvin\u00e1ch st\u0159edn\u00ed Asie se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b potulovaly skupiny nom\u00e1dsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f bojuj\u00edc\u00ed mezi sebou. V roce 1162 se v\u016fdci jedn\u00e9 z t\u011bchto skupin, \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00ed si Mongolov\u00e9, narodil syn. Jmenoval se Tem\u00fcjin. Byl je\u0161t\u011b mal\u00fd chlapec, kdy\u017e byl jeho otec zavra\u017ed\u011bn Tatary. Tem\u00fcjinova rodina se tak stala skupinou vyvr\u017eenc\u016f. Paradoxn\u011b v\u0161ak m\u011bla trag\u00e9die na chlapce zcela jin\u00fd dopad a odstartovala \u010cingisch\u00e1novu \u017eivotn\u00ed pou\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Vl\u00e1dce bez mytologick\u00e9ho zabarven\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tem\u00fcjin pr\u00fd nebyl pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. Tajn\u00e1 kronika Mongol\u016f jej popisuje jako \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd \u201em\u011bl v o\u010d\u00edch ohe\u0148\u201c a zcela jist\u011b se tak narodil s ur\u010dit\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b kniha jej nel\u00ed\u010d\u00ed jako mytologick\u00e9ho hrdinu, co\u017e je pro jin\u00e9 velk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dce typick\u00e9. V textu jsou zm\u00edn\u011bny jeho nedostatky, strachy i pochyby. Dokonce opustil man\u017eelku, aby se b\u011bhem napaden\u00ed konkuren\u010dn\u00ed skupinou zachr\u00e1nil. Pozd\u011bji se ale pro \u017eenu vr\u00e1til i s pomoc\u00ed a \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky nemilosrdn\u011b zlikvidoval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Mistr luku<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cingisch\u00e1n bravurn\u011b ovl\u00e1dal luk a \u0161\u00edp. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed mongolsk\u00fd luk byl vyroben\u00fd z komponent\u016f typick\u00fdch pro st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9 pastviny. Zbra\u0148 byla uzp\u016fsobena tak, aby byla snadno pou\u017eiteln\u00e1 p\u0159i rychl\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b na koni. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdroba v\u0161ak byla n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 a trvala a\u017e rok, proto\u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 vrstvy luku bylo nutn\u00e9 nechat schnout i n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Obklopil se t\u011bmi spr\u00e1vn\u00fdmi lidmi<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tem\u00fcjin byl i v\u00fdborn\u00fdm strat\u00e9gem. Mnoh\u00e9 se nau\u010dil od matky. Pochopil, \u017ee jeden \u0161\u00edp lze snadno zastavit nebo zlomit, ale pokud jich sou\u010dasn\u011b polet\u00ed des\u00edtky nebo stovky, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed smrt\u00edc\u00ed s\u00edlu. Mlad\u00fd mu\u017e se postupem \u010dasu za\u010dal spojovat s loaj\u00e1ln\u00edmi lidmi r\u016fzn\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed bez ohledu na p\u016fvod, co\u017e bylo mezi nom\u00e1dsk\u00fdmi kmeny do t\u00e9 doby nev\u00eddan\u00e9. Tato neot\u0159el\u00e1 taktika mu otev\u0159ela cestu na opravdov\u00fd vrchol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Zrod Mongolska<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e bylo Tem\u00fcjinovi 44 let, znaly jej snad v\u0161echny ko\u010dovn\u00e9 kmeny. Na ja\u0159e roku 1206 svolal jejich velk\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho byl prohl\u00e1\u0161en velk\u00fdm v\u016fdcem nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Tak se zrodilo Mongolsko a z vyvr\u017eence se stal \u010cingisch\u00e1n. Titul, kter\u00fd Tem\u00fcjin obdr\u017eel, je p\u0159itom dodnes tak trochu z\u00e1hadou, proto\u017ee v podstat\u011b nev\u00edme, odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed a co p\u0159esn\u011b pro tehdej\u0161\u00ed lid znamenal. Jedno je ale jist\u00e9, nov\u00fd v\u016fdce dok\u00e1zal sjednotit znesv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 kmeny v jednu soudr\u017enou skupinu, kter\u00e1 velmi rychle p\u0159ijala mongolskou identitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. P\u00edsmo jako z\u00e1klad \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cingisch\u00e1n ch\u00e1pal, \u017ee p\u00edsmo je kl\u00ed\u010dem k \u00fasp\u011bchu. Nechal vytvo\u0159it p\u00edsmo zalo\u017een\u00e9 na ujgur\u0161tin\u011b a v Mongolsku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd na t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm fakt, \u017ee autorem p\u00edsma byl jist\u00fd ujgursk\u00fd zajatec, kter\u00fd mimo jin\u00e9 spravoval i mongolsk\u00e9 finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Z\u00e1kony vymykaj\u00edc\u00ed se soudob\u00fdm zvyklostem<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vl\u00e1dce tak\u00e9 zavedl mnoho nov\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f, kter\u00e9 v jist\u00e9m smyslu p\u0159edb\u011bhly svoji dobu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zrovnopr\u00e1vnil v\u0161echna n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a tvrd\u011b trestal zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u017een. Kdo nov\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nerespektoval, kon\u010dil na popravi\u0161ti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Tajn\u00e1 kronika Mongol\u016f \u017divotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010cingisch\u00e1na byl poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1n ve 13. stolet\u00ed v takzvan\u00e9 Tajn\u00e9 kronice Mongol\u016f. Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd autor nebo auto\u0159i mongolsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":580,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cingischanovo-mongolsko"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u010cingisch\u00e1novo Mongolsko. 8 fakt\u016f, co jste o velk\u00e9m v\u016fdci mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u011bd\u011bli - Viasat History<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.viasathistory.cz\/?p=578\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u010cingisch\u00e1novo Mongolsko. 8 fakt\u016f, co jste o velk\u00e9m v\u016fdci mo\u017en\u00e1 nev\u011bd\u011bli - Viasat History\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. 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Tajn\u00e1 kronika Mongol\u016f \u017divotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010cingisch\u00e1na byl poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1n ve 13. stolet\u00ed v takzvan\u00e9 Tajn\u00e9 kronice Mongol\u016f. 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